End-of-Life Care/Palliative Care
Patient Safety Considerations
- Careful and thorough assessments should be performed to identify complaints not related to the illness for which the patient is receiving hospice or palliative care
- Care should be delivered with the utmost patience and compassion
Notes/Educational Pearls
Key Considerations
- Social interactions with family may affect end-of-life care
- Scene safety should be considered when deciding on management
Pertinent Assessment Findings
- Vital signs
- Pain score
- Neurologic exam
- Lung sounds
Quality Improvement
Associated NEMSIS Protocol(s) (eProtocol.01)
- 9914169 – Cardiac Arrest-Do Not Resuscitate
- 9914171 – Cardiac Arrest-Special Resuscitation Orders
- 9914177 – General-Exception Protocol
Key Documentation Elements
- Interaction with hospice or palliative care provider
- Confirmation of advanced directive or other advanced care documentation
- Pain score if applicable
Performance Measures
- If in patient in pain, pain score change
- If patient is nauseated, symptom relief
- If patient is dehydrated, symptom relief or vital sign change
References
- Canadian Prehospital Evidence Based Practice. https://emspep.cdha.nshealth.ca/TOC.aspx. Accessed April 28, 2017.
- Coyne PJ, Viswanathan R, Smith TJ. Nebulized fentanyl citrate improves patients’ perception of breathing, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation in dyspnea. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2002;23(2):157-60.
- Farahmand S, Shiralizadeh S, Talebian MT, et al. Nebulized fentanyl vs intravenous morphine for ED patients with acute limb pain: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Emerg Med. 2014;32(9):1011-5.
- Shirk MB, Donahue KR, Shirvai J. Unlabeled uses of nebulized medications. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2006;63(18):1704-16.